Hiring a Drafter vs. a Designer vs. an Architect vs. an Engineer: Who Does What (and When You Need Each)
If you’re planning a renovation, addition, or new build, you’ve likely encountered a confusing mix of titles early on:
Drafter. Designer. Architect. Engineer.
They’re often used interchangeably in casual conversation but in reality, they represent very different roles, levels of responsibility, and legal authority. Hiring the wrong professional at the wrong time can lead to delays, redesign fees, permitting issues, or even construction mistakes that are costly to fix later.
This guide is meant to explain the process. By the end, you’ll understand:
What each professional actually does
What they are (and are not) responsible for
When you need each one
How they often work together on a successful project
Whether you’re a homeowner, small developer, or first-time client, this breakdown will help you make informed decisions and build with confidence.
The Drafter: Turning Decisions Into Technical Drawings
A drafter focuses on producing clear, accurate drawings. Their role is primarily technical rather than conceptual.
Think of a drafter as the professional who takes established decisions and translates them into drawings that contractors and permitting offices can read.
What a drafter typically does
Creates floor plans, elevations, and sections
Produces as-built drawings of existing spaces
Drafts permit sets based on markups or sketches
Updates drawings after client or consultant revisions
What a drafter does not do
Develop the design concept
Resolve spatial or functional challenges
Make material or structural decisions
Take legal responsibility for code compliance or safety
When a drafter makes sense
A drafter is a good fit when:
The design is already resolved
The project is small and straightforward
Your plans are not structural in nature
You’re working under the direction of a designer, architect, or engineer
For example, if you’ve already worked with a designer to finalize layouts and finishes, a drafter can efficiently convert those decisions into a clean plan set. Note: the city of Philadelphia only accepts plans from a drafter if the project falls under EZ Permit standards.
The Designer: Shaping How a Space Looks and Feels
A designer focuses on the experience of the space, how it functions, looks, and feels day to day.
Designers can work in interiors, exteriors, or both, depending on their background. Their strength lies in understanding lifestyle, aesthetics, and human scale.
What a designer typically does
Develops layout options and space planning
Selects finishes, materials, and fixtures
Creates mood boards, renderings, and visuals
Refines how a space supports your daily life
What a designer may or may not do
This is where confusion often arises. Depending on the designer’s training and local regulations, they may:
Assist with permit drawings or
Hand off the project to a drafter or architect for permitting
Designers generally do not stamp drawings or take legal responsibility for structural or life-safety issues.
When a designer makes sense
A designer is ideal when:
You want help clarifying your vision
You’re overwhelmed by layout or finish decisions
The project is primarily interior-focused
You want a polished, cohesive look
Designers are often brought in early to shape the project’s personality and usability before technical documentation begins. Note: the city of Philadelphia only accepts plans from a designer if the project falls under EZ Permit standards - typically these plans are paired with other plans with the ones from the designer being used for the client only.
The Architect: Designing the Whole System
An architect is trained to see the project as an interconnected whole, structure, space, code, context, and construction.
Architects don’t just draw buildings; they coordinate complexity.
What an architect typically does
Develops the overall design concept
Plans layouts, massing, and building form
Ensures compliance with zoning and building codes
Produces and coordinates permit and construction documents
Works with engineers and consultants
Protects health, safety, and welfare through design
Architects are legally licensed professionals who can stamp drawings and assume responsibility for the building’s design.
When an architect is necessary
An architect is a great choice when:
You’re doing a new build
You’re adding square footage or changing structure
The project affects egress, fire safety, or zoning
The municipality requires stamped drawings
Even on smaller projects, an architect can help prevent costly mistakes by anticipating code issues early. In the City of Philadelphia Architects are only required when the project is new construction. Otherwise you can choose an architect or an engineer for structural design (although you should consult with the architect to determine if they have expertise in this area).
The Engineer: Making Sure It Actually Works
An engineer ensures that what’s being designed can safely stand, function, and perform.
Engineers are specialists. The most common types involved in residential and small commercial projects are:
Structural engineers
Mechanical engineers
Electrical engineers
Plumbing engineers
What engineers typically do
Design structural systems (beams, foundations, framing)
Calculate loads and stresses
Design HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems
Provide stamped calculations and drawings
What engineers don’t do
Develop the overall design vision
Select finishes or spatial layouts
When you need an engineer
You’ll need an engineer when:
Structural elements are being added or modified
You’re removing or altering load-bearing walls
New mechanical systems are required
Local codes mandate engineered drawings
Engineers often work behind the scenes but are critical to a safe, approvable project.
How These Roles Work Together
On well-run projects, these professionals collaborate, each contributing their expertise at the right time.
A typical flow might look like this:
Designer or Architect develops the initial concept and layout
Architect coordinates code, zoning, and permitting
Engineer designs structural and technical systems
Drafter supports the team by producing and refining drawings
Not every project needs all four roles but knowing what each one does helps you assemble the right team.
How Jane Draws Plans Helps You Navigate It All
empowering but knowing how to coordinate them effectively is where most projects succeed or struggle.
That’s where Jane Draws Plans comes in.
We act as a bridge between ideas and execution. Whether you’re coming to us with a fully formed vision, a rough sketch on paper, or no idea where to begin, we help you:
Determine who you actually need for your specific project (We provide all of the support in one team or pass you along to a professional that is better suited).
Create clear, accurate drawings that support permitting and construction
Coordinate with designers, architects, and engineers as needed
Avoid over-hiring or under-hiring professionals
Move your project forward with clarity and confidence
Not every project needs a full design team, but every project benefits from well-thought-out plans and the right level of professional support.
If you’re unsure what role comes next, Jane Draws Plans can help you assess your scope, clarify your direction, and prepare drawings that set your project up for success, from first idea to final approval.
Have a project in mind?
Reach out to Jane Draws Plans and let’s figure out the smartest path forward together.
